When it comes to collecting data and conducting research, two crucial concepts stand out: reliability and validity. Consequently, confirmatory analysis was performed on all IAT items to test for unidimensionality. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Overall, our findings should be interpreted with some caution because the sample contained only college students. All manifest variables loaded significantly (P<.05) on their hypothesized latent factors. Young K. Addictive use of the Internet: A case that breaks the stereotype. ROC analyses showed similar rates of participants with high scores on the IAT and on the MPDQ. Therefore, BIC and 2 were used as goodness of fit indices in the current study. 31 March 2016 Available from: A review of research on phone addiction amongst children and adolescents in Hong Kong, International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health. eCollection 2022. Available from: Census and Statistics Department, Persons aged 10 and over who had mobile phone (including smartphone) by age group and sex. The confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) conducted on sample 2 (n=243) showed the acceptable goodness-of-fit indexes for the two-factor model (2 Despite the wide use of IAT in research and clinical settings, there is lack of an empirical validation of this scale among a largescale adult population. 1. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Internet addiction In Pfaff D.W. The expected moderate correlations suggest that there is some overlap in what is being assessed, but also that each measure assesses a unique form of technological addiction. One then proceeds to factor II and so on, retaining only the number of factors for which real data-based eigenvalues exceed averages derived from random data. Do you find yourself anticipating when you go online again? Khatcherian E, Zullino D, De Leo D, Achab S. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Do you lose sleep due to late night log-ins? (ed. Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. National Library of Medicine ROC = receiver operating characteristic, MPDQ = Mobile Phone Dependence Questionnaire, IAT = Internet Addiction Test. The two-factor solution, accounting for 42.15% of the variance, showed 11 items loading on Factor 1 (Emotional and Cognitive Preoccupation with the Internet) and 7 items on Factor 2 (Loss of Control and Interference with Daily Life). The attitude for the school teacher toward student overuse of the Internet. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. According to test-retest analysis, the pooled Spearman's correlation coefficient from college/university students with a single department subgroup was high at 0.83 (95 percent CI, 0.81-0.85), along with low publication bias. Epub 2014 Sep 20. A total of 396 subjects fell into the Internet-Addicted user category, while 100 respondents were labelled as Non-Addicted. Finally, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis applied on the Arabic [28] and French [25] versions of the IAT revealed that a one-factor model fits the data very well. Results showed 176/485 (36.3%) participants with IAT score from 40 to 69, revealing excessive Internet use, and 11/485 (1.9%) participants with IAT score from 70 to 100, suggesting significant problems because of Internet use. Tao R, Huang X, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Li M. Proposed diagnostic criteria for internet addiction. The comparative fit of the models was assessed with the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC [45,46]), which is used for model comparison, with the smallest value being indicative of the best fitting model. A factor analytic study of the Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS). The ROC analysis suggested that both IAT and MPDQ have a fair sensitivity toward differences between age groups. Overall, the IAT is a valid and reliable tool that may use for further study on internet addiction. Xiuqin H, Huimin Z, Mengchen L, Jinan W, Ying Z, Ran T. Mental health, personality, and parental rearing styles of adolescents with Internet addiction disorder. Addiction. Front Psychol. Taipai University. An invitation letter was sent to numerous primary and secondary students to join the study. Otherwise, the more parsimonious solution, though usable, would be less effective for a detailed assessment of Internet addiction with consequential loss of salient information. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. This study makes a unique contribution to the literature by testing the concurrent validity of both instruments and identifying the extent to which the instruments are applicable to both younger and older students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the 7-item GAS using a sample of college students residing in China. SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and velicer's MAP test. Because of a steady strengthening between computer technology and traditional communication processes [1-3], Internet users growth reached 566.4% from 2000 to 2012. Although an increasing number of studies are using the IAT and MPDQ to assess the severity of Internet and mobile phone addiction in adolescents, no studies have established the concurrent validity of these two measures in this population. Am J Health Behav. Regarding the reliability coefficient (Cronbachs alpha) for the MPDQ subscales, compulsive text messaging loaded the highest (r = 0.87), distorted thinking was second (r = 0.75), and compulsive making and receiving calls was third (r = 0.66). 2022 Nov 4;19(21):14493. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114493. Based on our findings, support was provided for both single and two-factor models, with slightly strong support for the bidimensionality of the instrument. Scale development: Theory and applications (2nd ed.). (2) Assess the socio-demographic characteristics of individuals who suffer from IA. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) (Young, 1998) is one of the most utilized diagnostic instruments to evaluate internet addiction. Do you feel that life without the Internet would be boring, empty, and joyless? Cronbach's alpha for the Thai version of the internet addiction test was 0.89. Internet Addiction and Its Associated Factors Among African High School and University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Faraci, Craparo, Messina, and Severino [37] suggested that a score of 2039 indicates an average user, 4069 indicates a problematic user, and 70100 indicates an addicted user. The closeness of the hypothetical model to the empirical data was statistically evaluated through multiple goodness-of-fit indexes. Confirmatory factor analysis that the IATs factor structure was similar in both younger and older samples, suggesting that it is developmentally appropriate for primary and secondary school students. Reilly TJ, MacGillivray SA, Reid IC, Cameron IM. This will help teachers and parents to identify potentially addicted children and adolescents. A study about the use of the internet addiction test by Kimberly Young has demonstrated that many people are struggling with problem Internet use. Overall, 554 schools around Central Jakarta, Indonesia . Analyses regarding specific hypotheses are discussed below. government site. This paper has been withdrawn. The authors received no specific funding for this work. Luo H, Gong X, Chen X, Hu J, Wang X, Sun Y, Li J, Lv S, Zhang X. The new scale exhibits the following characteristics: Though the IAT is one of the most common instruments to assess Internet addiction, its use remains problematic. An Evaluation of Internet Addiction Test (IAT) - IEEE Xplore Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Many of these users of the Internet and mobile phones are adolescents, who tend to rely on these technologies for entertainment more than adults do [4]. 4. Two hundred and fifty-six undergraduate medical students from a university in Beirut, Lebanon were included in our IAT. Internet addiction in adolescents: Development and validation of Accessibility Both the IAT and the MPDQ have been adapted for use with Hong Kong samples, and evidence suggests that these scales are culturally suitable [33,37,38]. To verify these values, well-designed evidence-based studies assessing psychometric properties of IAT across diverse populations are warranted. government site. Hair JF, Anderson RE, Tatham RL, Black WC. The data underlying this study have been uploaded to Zenodo and are accessible using the following link: https://zenodo.org/record/1286048#.WxtGS0iFOUk. The Malay version of the Internet Addiction Test appeared to be a valid instrument for assessing Internet addiction in Malaysian university students. Definitions of Internet and mobile phone addictions. First we divided the students into three groups: senior primary, junior secondary, and senior secondary school students. Exploratory Factor Analysis of Young's Internet Addiction Test Among Meanwhile, the Office of the Communications Authority [6] reported that in 2016, there were 2.28 mobile phones per resident in Hong Kong, indicating one of the highest penetration rates of mobile phone use in the world [7]. The Cronbach's alpha score is 0.855. Nevertheless, the terms Internet addiction and mobile phone addiction are used ubiquitously in the literature. Holden C. 'Behavioral' addictions: do they exist? Craparo G, Faraci P, Rotondo G, Gori A. To identify subgroups of persons based on their responses to the IAT, we used the poLCA package to run Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and obtained the results shown in Table 11. Research definitions of Internet addiction and mobile phone addiction are consistent with general conceptualizations of addiction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is the standard method for assessing investigative accuracy. 2022 Aug 11;13:918729. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.918729. Author links open overlay panel Mirko . Copyright The concurrent validity of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Our aim was to validate a Spanish version of the IAT and analyse its psychometric properties. Accepted: 28.10.2013 This study aimed to identify the construct validity and internal reliability coefficients of the "Internet Addiction Test", which developed by Young to determine how children perceive . The six factors were named as follows: compromised social quality of life, compromised individual quality of life, compensatory usage of the Internet, compromised academic/working careers, compromised time control, and excitatory usage of the Internet [24]. Future studies should also include information reported by parents and teachers, and information about the specific apps and platforms that youth are using. Because the majority of online users have become members of chats, forums, and social networks, the rise and popularity of the Internet is strongly linked to its use in communication and socialization processes. Participants were 1,072 students aged between 9 and 18 years old (63% male . Although the various screening methods are developed from diverse contexts, four dimensions manifest themselves across all instruments: Arabic validation of the Internet addiction test. The Psychometric Properties of the Internet Addiction Test Higher scores indicate a larger dependency on mobile phones. The wide use of the Internet in the workplace, academic or social field, can have an impact on daily life. Most relevant results revealed that Internet-Addicted users spent approximately eight times the number of hours per week as that of Non-Dependents in using the Internet. Copyright 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Would you like email updates of new search results? 14. In its first version, IAT comprised eight questions and was administered to a group of subjects recruited through various announcements in newspapers, online forums, and websites. Reality substitute describes an individual perceiving the Internet as another reality and abusing it to avoid real-life issues [40]. We entered all three IAT subscales into the LCA. 15. A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. 16. A three-factor model showed the best fit with the data for the whole sample, whereas the hypothesized six-factor model, as well as a unidimensional model of the internet addiction test, failed to .
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